Which processes cause sediments to stick together into a sedimentary rock?

Which processes cause sediments to stick together into a sedimentary rock?

• A. Erosion and Deposition
• B. Weathering and Transportation
• C. Cementation and Lithification
• D. Compaction and Lithification

Answer: (D)

Sediments become a sedimentary rock through lithification, the process that turns loose grains into solid rock. Compaction from overlying weight squeezes the grains tighter, reducing pore space and bringing particles into closer contact. Cementation then binds them together as minerals precipitate from groundwater and fill the gaps, acting like a glue. Lithification is the overall process that includes both steps, so pairing compaction with lithification recognizes both the squeezing of sediments and their transformation into rock. In practice, cementation is the direct binding mechanism, while compaction enhances the conditions for lithification to occur.

Sediments become a sedimentary rock through lithification, the process that turns loose grains into solid rock. Compaction from overlying weight squeezes the grains tighter, reducing pore space and bringing particles into closer contact. Cementation then binds them together as minerals precipitate from groundwater and fill the gaps, acting like a glue. Lithification is the overall process that includes both steps, so pairing compaction with lithification recognizes both the squeezing of sediments and their transformation into rock. In practice, cementation is the direct binding mechanism, while compaction enhances the conditions for lithification to occur.