Which statement best identifies the processes that turn sediments into rock?

Which statement best identifies the processes that turn sediments into rock?

• A. Compaction and Lithification
• B. Weathering and Erosion
• C. Erosion and Deposition
• D. Melting and Crystallization

Answer: (A)

Turning loose sediment into solid rock is lithification, the process by which sediments become rock. The main steps are compaction, where overlying weight squeezes the grains and reduces pore space, and cementation, where minerals precipitate from groundwater to bind the grains together. Together, these form sedimentary rock such as sandstone or shale. Weathering and erosion break rocks into sediment; erosion and deposition move and settle that sediment; melting and crystallization create igneous rock from molten material.

Turning loose sediment into solid rock is lithification, the process by which sediments become rock. The main steps are compaction, where overlying weight squeezes the grains and reduces pore space, and cementation, where minerals precipitate from groundwater to bind the grains together. Together, these form sedimentary rock such as sandstone or shale. Weathering and erosion break rocks into sediment; erosion and deposition move and settle that sediment; melting and crystallization create igneous rock from molten material.