Which two processes create sedimentary rock from sediment?

Which two processes create sedimentary rock from sediment?

• A. Erosion and Transport
• B. Weathering and Erosion
• C. Cementation and Lithification
• D. Compaction and Lithification

Answer: (D)

When loose sediment is buried, it undergoes compaction and lithification to become rock. Compaction presses the grains closer together as overlying layers add weight, squeezing out water and reducing pore space. Lithification is the overall process that solidifies the sediment, typically including cementation, where minerals precipitate from groundwater and bind the grains into a solid rock. So, the two processes that transform sediment into sedimentary rock are compaction and lithification. The other processes—weathering, erosion, and transport—are about breaking down rocks and moving material, not turning sediment into rock.

When loose sediment is buried, it undergoes compaction and lithification to become rock. Compaction presses the grains closer together as overlying layers add weight, squeezing out water and reducing pore space. Lithification is the overall process that solidifies the sediment, typically including cementation, where minerals precipitate from groundwater and bind the grains into a solid rock. So, the two processes that transform sediment into sedimentary rock are compaction and lithification. The other processes—weathering, erosion, and transport—are about breaking down rocks and moving material, not turning sediment into rock.